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Old Veyata - Examples

- Well, now. = I speak.

Old Veyata - Examples

Basic sets

  • Well, now. = I speak.
  • Nu veyrana. = I spoke.
  • Nu veyra ra. = I will speak.

Paradigm block

  1. Well, now. = I speak.
  2. Well no veyra. = I don't speak.
  3. Nu sai veyra. = I am speaking.
  4. Nu hana veyrana. = I have spoken.
  5. Nu veyra ra. = I will speak.
  6. Veyra! = Speak!
  7. No veyra! = Don't speak!
  8. Nu kei veyra, se veyra. = If I were to speak, the person would speak.
  9. Nor seyra ser. = The Enor sees himself.
  10. Nu=ren naar isa draz. = My homeland is very strong.
  11. Se=ren thalor zeya. = Their advice is new.
  12. Ara nor lena draz. = The Enor is rather strong.
  13. Ara nor isa draz. = The Enor is very strong.
  14. Ara veyratha zeya. = The speech is new.
  15. Ara veyror veyra. = The speaker speaks.

Interlinear glosses

Legend: 1ENU = 1st person Enu, ENEL = Enel form, ENOR = Enor form, ENATH = Enath form, ENIS = Enis form, NEUT = neutral person, POSS = possessive/genitive, DEF = definite, NEG = Negation, PROG = Progression Aspect, RES = Resultative, PST = Past, FUT = Future, INTS = Intensifier, DIM = Attenuator, Q = Interrogative Particle, REFL = Reflexive, IRR = Irrealis, COP = supporting verb of marked predication, COMP = complementizer.

1. Well, now. 1ENU speak.PRS "I'm speaking."

2. Well no veyra. 1ENU NEG speak.PRS "I don't speak."

3. Now say veyra. 1ENU PROG speak.PRS "I'm talking."

4. Nu hana veyrana. 1ENU RES speak-PST "I have spoken."

5. Well, now. 1ENU speak FUT "I will speak."

6. Nor seyra ser. ENOR see.PRS REFL "The Enor sees himself."

7. Nu=ren naar isa draz. 1ENU=POSS homeland INTS strong "My homeland is very strong."

8. Ara toren no fera torim. DEF door NEG COP.PRS open "The door is not open."

Subordinate clauses and connectors

  • Nu veyra va se sova. = I speak and the person hears.
  • Nu veyra dar se no sova. = I speak, but the person doesn't hear.
  • Nu veyra dei se tala. = I say that the person is leaving.
  • Dun se tala, nu veyra. = When the person leaves, I speak.
  • Dun se no veyra, nu kei sherra. = If the person doesn't speak, I would ask.
  • Nu veyra vath se no sova. = I speak because the person is not listening.
  • Nu veyra para se myra. = I speak so that the person knows.
  • Mira se tala, nu sai veyra. = While the person is walking, I am speaking.
  • Tora se no sova, nu veyra. = Although the person does not hear, I speak.

Noun phrase

  • ara thalor draz = the strong advice
  • ora thalor zeya = that new assembly
  • nu=ren drun torim = my open house
  • ara kevara zorin = the valid contract

Question formation

  • Nu tala ka? = Am I going?
  • Se seyra ka? = Does the person see?
  • Sher veyra? = Who is speaking?
  • Shel nu kera? = What do I take?
  • Shem se tura? = Where is the person standing?
  • Shemi pethan nu kera? = How much food do I eat?

Marked predication

  • Ara toren no fera torim. = The door is not open.
  • Ara thalor ferana zeya. = The advice was new.
  • Ara kevara kei fera zorin. = The contract would be valid.

Registers and full forms

  • Well no veyra; nora wera ara kevara. = I don't speak; the Enor writes the contract. Solemn or contrasting style.
  • Seya veyra ka? = Is the person speaking? Cautious, more formal inquiry.
  • Nela, mava. = Enel, wait. Raised or deliberate form of address.

Short dialogue

  • A: Se veyra ka?
  • B: Well then.
  • A: Well no veyra?
  • B: Nu sai veyra.

Sample text

Ara thalor kareni tura. Nu hana veyrana dei ora kevara zeya ra. Sen no sai zora. Well, come soon. Dun sen synzora, ara enar nari fera ra.

Appropriate translation:

"The assembly is in the square. I said that this treaty will be new. They are not answering yet. I am speaking clearly. If they agree, the people will be at peace."

In this section

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